Hormonal IUD (Mirena)

The hormonal IUD (Mirena) is a small T-shaped device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy by releasing progestin, which thickens cervical mucus and can thin the uterine lining. Studies have found that Mirena is highly effective as a contraceptive method with a continuation rate of over 90% after one year. Side effects include irregular bleeding in the first few months, but this often improves with time. Research also indicates that while Mirena does not permanently affect fertility, it can delay return to regular menstrual cycles for several months after removal. The device is associated with a slightly increased risk of venous thromboembolism, though the overall risk remains low.

This device connects closely to discussions on contraception effectiveness and side effects, as well as considerations around post-use fertility. It also relates to treatments for conditions like endometrial cancer where preserving fertility is important.

The evidence base includes several systematic reviews but focuses mainly on contraceptive use rather than other potential applications or long-term health impacts.

Sources

• Contraception. (PMID:36759095)
• A systematic review on clinical effectiveness, side-effect profile and meta-analysis on continuation rate of etonogestrel contraceptive implant. (PMID:33407632)
• Levonorgestrel IUD: is there a long-lasting effect on return to fertility? (PMID:31709489)
• Kyleena--another hormonal IUD. (PMID:28222064)
• Fertility-preserving treatment for stage IA endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PMID:39032722)
• Association of Progestogens and Venous Thromboembolism Among Women of Reproductive Age. (PMID:35926206)

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